It is crucial to get your dog to a veterinarian immediately. Regulating glucose is central to treating diabetes but over-medication can lead to low blood sugar and seizures. Seizures can occur if the blood sugar gets too low. Some common secondary and long-term effects include the following: Long-term effects of diabetes, if unregulated or untreated, are severe and eventually fatal. Diabetic dogs may also show additional symptoms based on underlying disorders. Other common diseases and illnesses, such as urinary tract infections, Cushing’s disease, hypothyroidism and pancreatitis often cause complications in diabetic dogs. Signs of diabetes most commonly seen include: Breeds that are predisposed to diabetes include: Females and middle-aged to senior dogs have a higher risk, as are dogs that are obese. Roughly 1 in 300 dogs acquire diabetes throughout their life. Other issues related to the excess sugar include: However, as the excess glucose spills into the urine, dogs will urinate and drink excessively. The kidneys will filter and absorb the extra glucose in the bloodstream. Regardless of type, reduced glucose in the body's cells stimulates the liver to produce more glucose, which worsens the sugar in the bloodstream. Because of this danger, vets often recommend spaying a dog as soon as it is medically safe to do so. Dogs often return to normal but Type III may occur again during another pregnancy. This form of diabetes is rare in dogs, but it can occur and can be fatal. Type III diabetes is hormone-induced and typically related to pregnancy. This leads to less glucose entering the cells (and higher glucose in the blood). In Type II diabetes, the pancreas may produce less insulin, and the body’s cells respond poorly to the insulin that is secreted. This form of diabetes is typically related to obesity. Type II is known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes and is similar to Type II diabetes in humans. These dogs need a lifetime of insulin supplementation to live normally. In Type I diabetes, insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas are destroyed, causing an absolute lack of insulin. This is the most common type to occur in dogs. Type I is known as insulin-dependent diabetes and is similar to Type I diabetes in humans. There are three types of diabetes in dogs: Treating diabetes mellitus involves providing insulin to increase the amount of glucose entering the cells and reducing glucose in the bloodstream. At the same time, the bloodstream contains high blood glucose levels, which can damage nerves and blood vessels. When there is a lack of insulin, cells cannot get enough glucose and become starved for energy. Insulin acts on receptors on the cells, allowing glucose to leave the bloodstream and enter the cells where it can be used as energy or stored. All the cells in the body use glucose as fuel. When a dog eats a meal, the nutrients enter its bloodstream as glucose, also known as blood sugar. Insulin is responsible for turning food into energy.
Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system, which is responsible for producing hormones to regulate the body’s metabolism, among other things. Diabetes mellitus is a common disorder in which the body fails to produce enough or appropriately respond to insulin.
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